1. Nā kumu ʻelemakule o nā uea a me nā kaula: ka pōʻino o waho. Wahi a ka loiloi hana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, nui nā hewa uea i hana ʻia e ka pōʻino mechanical. No ka laʻana: ʻaʻole maʻamau ke kūkulu ʻana o ka uea a me ke kaula, maʻalahi ke hana i ka pōʻino mechanical; He maʻalahi hoʻi ke hōʻino i nā uea a me nā kaula i ka wā o ke kūkulu kīwila ma nā uea a me nā kaula i kanu pololei ʻia. I kekahi manawa, inā ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ka pōʻino, e hala kekahi mau mahina a i ʻole nā makahiki e hana ai i ka ʻāpana i hōʻino ʻia e haki loa a hana i kahi hewa. I kekahi manawa, koʻikoʻi ka pōʻino a hiki ke hana i ka hewa pōkole, e hoʻopilikia pololei ana i ka hana palekana o ka ʻāpana mana.
2. Nā kumu ʻelemakule o nā uea a me nā kaula: ka pale ʻana i ka pulu. He mea maʻamau loa ia a hana ʻia ma nā wēlau o nā uea a me nā kaula i kanu pololei ʻia a i ʻole i loko o ka ʻauwai. No ka laʻana: nā hui uea i hana ʻia me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a ma nā kūlana aniau pulu e hana i ka hui, e hana i ka wai hui a i ʻole i hui pū ʻia me ka mahu wai, no ka manawa lōʻihi ma lalo o ka hana o ke kahua uila e hana i nā lālā wai, e hōʻino mālie i ka ikaika o ka pale ʻana o ke uea i hana ʻia e ka hewa.
3. Nā kumu ʻelemakule o nā uea a me nā kaula: ka pala kemika. Inā kanu pololei ʻia nā kaula ma kahi me ka hopena waikawa a me ka alkali, e pala pinepine ka pale kaua, ke alakaʻi a i ʻole ka papa pale waho o nā kaula. E ʻeha ka papa pale i ka pala kemika a i ʻole ka pala electrolytic no ka manawa lōʻihi, e hopena ana i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka papa pale a me ka emi ʻana o ka insulation, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā uea a me nā kaula. He koʻikoʻi loa ka pala o nā kaula i nā ʻāpana kemika.
4. Nā kumu ʻelemakule o ke kaula a me ke kaula: ka hana over-load lōʻihi. I ka hana overload, ma muli o ka hopena wela o ke au, e wela ka mea hoʻokele ke hele ke au ukana ma o ke kaula. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hopena ʻili o ka hoʻopiʻi, ka nalowale o ke au eddy o ke kapa kila a me ka nalowale waena o ka insulation e hana pū i ka wela hou, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka mahana o ke kaula a me ke kaula. I ka hana overload lōʻihi, e wikiwiki ka mahana nui i ka ʻelemakule o ka insulation a hiki i ka haki ʻana o ka insulation. ʻOi loa i ke kauwela wela, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ke kaula e alakaʻi pinepine ai i ka haki mua ʻana o ka nāwaliwali o ka insulation kaula, no laila i ke kauwela, pinepine nā hewa o ke kaula.
5. Nā kumu ʻelemakule o ke kaula a me ke kaula: ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hui kaula. ʻO ka hui kaula ka loulou nāwaliwali loa ma ka laina kaula. ʻO ka hewa o ka hui kaula i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hewa pololei o nā limahana (kūkulu maikaʻi ʻole) e hana pinepine ʻia. I ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i ka mea hoʻohui kaula a me ke kaula, inā ʻaʻole i paʻi paʻa ʻia ka mea hoʻohui a ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻomehana ʻana, e alakaʻi ka pūnaewele mua i ka emi ʻana o ka insulation o ke poʻo kaula, a laila e hana ana i kahi ulia.
6. Nā kumu ʻelemakule o nā uea a me nā kaula: ke kaiapuni a me ka mahana. ʻO ke kaiapuni waho a me ke kumu wela kahi i loaʻa ai ke kaula e hoʻoulu ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ke kaula, e haki ai ka insulation, a hiki i ka pahū a me ke ahi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-05-2020